In the standard Drupal 8.9.15 version, there is no way to limit the year range of date fields. There was however a patch which solved this issue
https://www.drupal.org/project/drupal/issues/2836054 (#50)
Even if that patch is designed for Drupal 9.3 it installed seamlessly for Drupal 8.9.15.
After the installation of that patch there are start- and end-year field in the widget configuration of the date field.