Introduction
Natural and technological hazards continue to trigger disasters in many countries of the world, making no distinction between developed or developing nations. In the year 2022, Pakistan experienced unprecedented floods and the Government, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and other regional and international organizations estimated losses in the order of US$15.2 billion. In contrast, the western region of the United States was experiencing one of its worst droughts in recent history. And since the beginning of 2020, the corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic began to impact people around the world. By the end of March 2023, the World Health Organization reported that more than 760 million people had been infected with the COVID-19 virus, leading to the deaths of nearly 7 million people.
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